听力篇章_1

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考试2025-12-20

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

[16] Lift-off is usually the most environmentally harmful stage of any space mission, with vast quantities of fuel burnt up in a matter of minutes. For instance, SpaceX’s Falcon 9 gets through 112 tonnes of refined fuel, emitting about 336 tonnes of CO2. This is the equivalent produced by your average car driving almost 70 times around the world. [16] As well as greenhouse gases, rocket engines emit particles that destroy ozone. These issues are growing more pressing with the emergence of commercial spaceflight. There were 114 space launches in 2020, but there may be up to 1,000 per year in future.

Sustainable fuels are the top priority to enable greener space travel. Current spacecraft use a variety of fuels, but most are based on fossil fuels. One potentially greener option is liquid hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen can be obtained sustainably by using solar power to break water down into oxygen and hydrogen.

Reusable rockets can cut down on some of the waste associated with spaceflight. [17] Traditionally, boosters, fuel tanks and other components are treated as expendable. But guiding them back to Earth in a controlled manner opens new possibilities—most components from the Falcon 9 can be reused up to 100 times.

Truly environmentally friendly space travel is still some way off. [18] But we already have many of the technologies needed to start limiting its impact on our planet.

 

短文一

发射通常是任何太空任务中对环境危害最大的阶段,大量燃料在短短几分钟内燃烧殆尽。例如,太空探索技术公司(SpaceX)的“猎鹰9号”火箭消耗112吨精炼燃料,排放约336吨二氧化碳。这相当于一辆普通汽车环绕地球行驶近70圈所产生的排放量。除了温室气体,火箭发动机还会排放破坏臭氧层的微粒。随着商业太空旅行的兴起,这些问题变得愈发紧迫。2020年共有114次太空发射,但未来每年可能高达1000次。

要实现更环保的太空旅行,可持续燃料是首要任务。目前的航天器使用多种燃料,但大多基于化石燃料。一种潜在的更环保选择是液氢和液氧。通过太阳能将水分解为氧和氢,可以可持续地获取氢气。

可重复使用火箭能够减少太空飞行中的部分浪费。传统上,助推器、燃料箱和其他部件都被视为消耗品。但以可控方式将它们引导回地球开启了新的可能性——“猎鹰9号”的大部分部件可重复使用多达100次。

真正环保的太空旅行仍有一段路要走。但我们已经拥有了许多必要的技术,可以开始限制其对地球的影响。

  • 16
  • 单选题
  • 分值:14.2
It usually requires years of preparations.
It does a lot of harm to the environment.
It often burns over three hundred tonnes of refined fuel.
It proves to be the most complicated stage of space missions.

What do we learn from the passage about the lift-off of spacecraft?
问:关于航天器的发射,我们从文章中了解到什么?

  1. 它通常需要多年的准备工作。
  2. 它对环境造成诸多危害。
  3. 它经常要消耗三百多吨精炼燃料。
  4. 它被证明是太空任务中最复杂的阶段。

解析:

  1. 不正确。文章未提及航天器发射通常需要多年的准备工作,属于无中生有的信息。
  2. 正确。文章明确提到:“Lift-off is usually the most environmentally harmful stage of any space mission...”,并具体说明了燃料燃烧产生大量二氧化碳和破坏臭氧层的微粒,因此选项B与原文完全一致。
  3. 不正确。虽然文章以SpaceX的猎鹰9号为例,提到其消耗112吨精炼燃料并排放约336吨二氧化碳,但这是个别案例,并非所有航天器都“经常”消耗三百多吨燃料,属于以偏概全的干扰项。
  4. 不正确。文章强调发射是“对环境影响最大”的阶段,而非“最复杂的阶段”,选项D偷换了原文的关键信息。
  • 17
  • 单选题
  • 分值:14.2
They are burnt up in outer space.
They are guided back to Earth.
They are reused up to 100 times.
They are treated as expendable.

What happens traditionally to boosters, fuel tanks and other components in spaceflight?
问:在航天飞行中,助推器、燃料箱和其他部件传统上是如何处理的?

  1. 它们在外太空被烧毁。
  2. 它们被引导回地球。
  3. 它们可以被重复使用多达100次。
  4. 它们被当作消耗品。

解析:

  1. 不正确。文章未提及这些部件在外太空被烧毁,属于无关信息。
  2. 不正确。选项B描述的是可重复使用火箭(如猎鹰9号)的新技术,并非传统做法,因此不符合题意。
  3. 不正确。这也是可重复使用火箭的特点,且是针对猎鹰9号的具体描述,并非传统航天中的普遍处理方式。
  4. 正确。文章明确写道:“Traditionally, boosters, fuel tanks and other components are treated as expendable.” 因此D项与原文完全一致。
  • 18
  • 单选题
  • 分值:14.2
New technologies for bringing back space vehicles for recycling.
The technology for meeting the needs of commercial space travel.
Many of the technologies to limit the impact of space travel on Earth.
The technology for effectively protecting ozone from being destroyed.

What does the passage say we already have regarding spaceflight?
问:这篇文章提到在航天飞行方面我们已经拥有什么(技术)?

  1. 带回太空飞行器用于回收利用的新技术。
  2. 满足商业太空旅行需求的技术。
  3. 许多可以限制太空旅行对地球影响的技术。
  4. 有效保护臭氧层免遭破坏的技术。

解析:

  1. 不正确。文章提到可重复使用火箭的部分部件可以回收,但并未明确说我们已经拥有“带回太空飞行器用于回收利用的新技术”,且该表述不够精准。
  2. 不正确。文章提到商业太空旅行正在兴起,但并未说我们已经拥有完全满足其需求的技术,属于过度推断。
  3. 正确。文章结尾明确写道:“But we already have many of the technologies needed to start limiting its impact on our planet.” 因此C项是原文信息的直接转述。
  4. 不正确。文章提到火箭排放物会破坏臭氧层,但并未说我们已经拥有有效保护臭氧层的技术,属于无中生有。

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