词汇理解

  • 81 次浏览
  • 0 人收藏
考试2026-01-01

Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Scientists have known that depriving adult mice of vision can increase the sensitivity of individual neurons (神经元) in the part of the brain devoted to hearing. New research from biologists at the University of Maryland    26    that sight deprivation also changes the way brain cells    27    with one another, shifting the mice’s sensitivity to different frequencies.

“This study    28    what we are learning about how manipulating vision can have a    29    effect on the ability of an animal to hear long after the window for auditory (听觉的) learning was thought to have    30    ,” said Patrick Kanold, senior author of the study.

It was once thought that the sensory regions of the brain were not    31    after a critical period in childhood. This is why children learn languages much more    32    than adults. Kanold’s earlier research disproved this idea by showing that depriving adult mice of vision for a short period increased the sensitivity of individual neurons in the auditory cortex (皮质), which is devoted to hearing.

Young brains wire themselves according to the sounds they hear frequently, assigning areas of the auditory cortex to    33    frequencies based on what they are used to hearing. The researchers found that, in adult mice, a week in the dark also changed the    34    of space to different frequencies.

“We don’t know why we are seeing these patterns,” Kanold said. “We    35    that it may have to do with what the mice are paying attention to while they are in the dark.”


A) adaptable   B) closed   C) distribution   D) interact   E) narration   F) neutral   G) permanently   H) prescribes   I) readily   J) registered   K) reinforces   L) revealed   M) significant   N) specific   O) speculate

科学家们已经知道,剥夺成年老鼠的视力可以增加其大脑中专门用于听觉部分的单个神经元的灵敏度。马里兰大学生物学家的新研究 [26] 表明,视力剥夺也会改变脑细胞之间 [27] 相互作用的方式,改变老鼠对不同频率的敏感度。

“这项研究 [28] 强化了我们正在了解的内容,即在听觉学习窗口被认为已经 [30] 关闭很久之后,操纵视觉如何对动物的听觉能力产生 [29] 显著影响。”该研究的资深作者帕特里克·卡诺德说道。

人们曾经认为,大脑的感觉区域在童年的关键期之后就不再具有 [31] 适应性。这就是为什么儿童比成人学习语言更 [32] 快。卡诺德的早期研究推翻了这一观点,他的研究表明,在短时间内剥夺成年老鼠的视力会增加听觉皮质中单个神经元的敏感度,而听觉皮质是专门负责听觉的。

年轻的大脑会根据它们经常听到的声音来进行自我连接,根据它们习惯听到的声音将听觉皮层的区域分配给 [33] 特定的频率。研究人员发现,成年老鼠在黑暗中待一周也会改变不同频率的空间 [34] 分布。

卡诺德说:“我们不知道为什么我们会看到这些模式。我们 [35] 推测这可能与老鼠在黑暗中所注意的事物有关。”

  • 26
  • 单选题
  • 分值:3.55
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---

revealed (v. 揭示;显示;透露)
语法判断:空格位于句子主语 "New research" 之后,后接 that 引导的宾语从句,此处需要及物动词的过去式作谓语,与主语保持时态一致,构成主谓结构。
语意判断:此处描述研究发现的结果,“马里兰大学生物学家的新研究______ (表明)……”,"revealed" 准确表达了“揭示、表明”这一研究发现的动作,与上下文阐述新研究结论的语境相符。

  • 27
  • 单选题
  • 分值:3.55
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---

interact (v. 相互作用,相互影响)
语法判断:空格位于 "the way brain cells ______ with one another" 这一定语从句中,主语是 "brain cells",后接 "with one another",此处需要动词原形作谓语,并与 "with" 构成固定搭配。
语意判断:该句意为“视力剥夺也会改变脑细胞之间______的方式”,"interact with" 意为“与……相互作用”,准确描述了脑细胞彼此之间的关联方式发生改变,符合科学语境。

  • 28
  • 单选题
  • 分值:3.55
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---

reinforces (v. 加强,强化)
语法判断:空格位于句子主语 "This study" 之后,后接 what 引导的宾语从句,此处需要及物动词的第三人称单数现在时形式作谓语。
语意判断:引述资深作者的话,意在说明本项研究的意义。“这项研究______了我们正在了解的内容”,"reinforces" 意为“强化、巩固”,准确表达了该研究对现有认知的加强作用。

  • 29
  • 单选题
  • 分值:3.55
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---

significant (adj. 显著的;重大的)
语法判断:空格位于不定冠词 "a" 和名词 "effect" 之间,此处需要形容词作定语,修饰名词 "effect"。
语意判断:短语 "have a ______ effect on" 意为“对……产生______影响”。根据上下文,操纵视觉对听觉能力的影响是长期且深刻的,"significant"(显著的)能准确描述这种影响的强度和重要性。

  • 30
  • 单选题
  • 分值:3.55
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---

closed (v. 关闭)
语法判断:空格位于 "to have ______" 这一不定式的完成式结构中,此处需要动词的过去分词形式,构成 "to have closed",表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。
语意判断:句意为“在听觉学习窗口被认为已经______很久之后”。“听觉学习窗口被认为已经关闭”是一个常见的比喻,表示关键学习期的结束,"closed" 在此处使用其比喻义,与上下文契合。

  • 31
  • 单选题
  • 分值:3.55
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---

adaptable (adj. 能适应的,有适应能力的)
语法判断:空格位于系动词 "were" 和否定词 "not" 之后,构成 "were not ",此处需要形容词作表语。
语意判断:此句陈述过去的观点,“大脑的感觉区域在童年的关键期之后就不再具有”。“adaptable”(具有适应性的)与下文中卡诺德研究证明成年大脑仍可改变的观点形成直接对比,符合逻辑。

  • 32
  • 单选题
  • 分值:3.55
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---

readily (adv. 快速地;轻而易举地)
语法判断:空格位于比较级结构 "much more ______ than" 中,修饰动词 "learn",此处需要副词。
语意判断:该句解释儿童与成人学习语言的差异,“这就是为什么儿童比成人学习语言更______”。“readily” 意为“容易地、迅速地”,准确描述了儿童学习语言更快、更轻松的特点。

  • 33
  • 单选题
  • 分值:3.55
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---

specific (adj. 特定的,特有的)
语法判断:空格位于介词 "to" 之后,名词 "frequencies" 之前,此处需要形容词修饰名词 "frequencies"。
语意判断:句意为“将听觉皮层的区域分配给______频率”。大脑在处理声音时,会将不同的皮层区域对应不同频率的声音,"specific"(特定的)准确表达了这种精确的对应关系。

  • 34
  • 单选题
  • 分值:3.55
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---

distribution (n. 分布;分配)
语法判断:空格位于定冠词 "the" 之后,后接 "of space to different frequencies" 这一介词短语作后置定语,此处需要名词作句子宾语。
语意判断:研究发现在黑暗环境中,成年老鼠对不同频率声音的“空间______”发生了改变。上文的“分配区域”与此处的“空间分布”概念一致,"distribution" 是描述这种布局或分配状态的准确术语。

  • 35
  • 单选题
  • 分值:3.55
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---

speculate (v. 推测,猜测)
语法判断:空格位于人称代词主语 "We" 之后,后接 that 引导的宾语从句,此处需要动词原形作谓语。
语意判断:前一句卡诺德说“我们不知道为什么会看到这些模式”,本句则是对可能原因的探讨。“我们______这可能与……有关”。"speculate" 意为“推测”,准确表达了在未知情况下提出合理猜想的过程。

如果喜欢我的内容,可以扫描二维码请我喝咖啡。

作者简介

yinbrew
  • 4.4万 浏览
  • 404 内容

www.yinbrew.com 创造者。


留言数:0