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考试2025-11-02

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

 

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

New research suggests that pandas may be at risk of dying out because they are too comfortable. Experts say too much happiness can stop the bears from searching for new mates.

Environmentalists have long believed that building roads or homes near the bears may threaten their survival by “reducing or fragmenting their natural habitats”, The Times reported. But the new research suggests that a “modest degree of discomfort and fragmentation” may actually help preserve panda populations.

The research was conducted by scientists from Michigan State University. It concluded that pandas fail to wander off in search of new mates if they find their habitat too comfortable, resulting in a lack of vital genetic diversity.

For their study—outlined in a paper in the journal Conservation Biology—the team looked at genetic diversity and spread among a Chinese panda population. The ideal level of perfectly livable habitat was found to be only 80% of an area, with the remainder either too harsh or too affected by human activity.

The experts concluded that pandas should ideally “be happy enough to thrive, but not so content that they don’t want to move around and find new mates”.

Their conclusions about what The Guardian described as this “sweet spot” are in line with the so-called Goldilocks principle: that there can be just the right amount of something. The concept has been applied to a wide range of disciplines, from developmental psychology to economics and engineering.

Claudio Sillero, a professor of conservation biology at Oxford University, told the newspaper that the new findings could have implications beyond panda conservation.

“Most large animals that eat meat live in increasingly fragmented landscapes,” said Sillero, who was not involved in the research. “It may well be that the messy nature of their relationship with human efforts induces more animals to scatter or travel further, and might result in greater genetic connectivity and enhanced population persistence.”

The most recent count of pandas found that there were more than 1,800 left in the wild, putting them on the list of vulnerable, but not endangered, species.

[46] 新的研究表明,熊猫可能因生活得过于舒适而面临灭绝风险。专家称,过度安逸会导致熊猫不再寻觅新配偶。

[47] 据《泰晤士报》报道,环保主义者长期以来一直认为,在熊猫栖息地附近修建道路或住宅,可能会通过“减少或割裂它们的自然栖息地”威胁它们的生存。但这项新研究指出,“适度的不适与栖息地碎片化”实际上可能有助于保护熊猫种群。

[47] 这项研究是由密歇根州立大学的科学家们开展的。[48] 研究得出结论:若熊猫发现栖息地过于舒适,它们就不会迁徙寻找新配偶,从而导致关键的遗传多样性缺失。

研究团队在《保护生物学》期刊的一篇论文中概述了此项研究:他们考察了中国一个熊猫种群的遗传多样性与分布情况。结果发现,理想状态下适宜生存的栖息地面积应占总面积的80%,其余部分要么环境过于恶劣,要么受到人类活动的影响过大。

专家总结道,熊猫的生存状态理想情况下应该是“舒适到足以繁衍,但又不至于安于现状而不愿迁徙寻觅新的配偶”。

[49] 《卫报》将这一结论称为“最佳平衡点”,与所谓的“金发姑娘原则”不谋而合:凡事都存在一个恰到好处的程度。这一概念已被广泛应用于从发展心理学到经济学、工程学等诸多领域。

[50] 牛津大学保护生物学教授克劳迪奥·西莱罗向该报表示,这项新发现的影响范围不止在熊猫保护领域。

[50] 西莱罗并没有参与此项研究,不过也表示:“大多数大型肉食动物都生活在日益碎片化的环境中。它们与人类保护活动之间错综复杂的关系,很可能会促使更多动物分散或迁徙到更远区域,从而可能提升遗传连通性并增强种群存续能力。”

最新的熊猫数量统计显示,现存野生熊猫数量逾1800只,这使它们被列入易危而非濒危物种名单。

  • 46
  • 单选题
  • 分值:14.2
问.

What do we learn from new research about pandas?

They are losing habitat due to the building of roads and houses.
They have stopped seeking new mates for reproduction.
They may not adapt to the fragmentation of their habitat.
They may cease to exist as a result of enjoying too good a life.

问:关于熊猫的新研究,我们了解到什么?

  1. 由于道路和房屋的修建,它们正在失去栖息地。
  2. 它们已经停止寻找新配偶进行繁殖。
  3. 它们可能无法适应栖息地的碎片化。
  4. 由于生活过于安逸,它们可能会走向灭绝。

定位:原文第一段第一句明确指出新研究关注熊猫因过于安逸而面临灭绝风险。

解析:

  1. 不正确,原文第二段提到道路和房屋修建是环保主义者的传统观点,并非新研究的核心发现。
  2. 不正确,新研究指出过度安逸可能“停止”熊猫寻找新配偶,但未表明这种行为已经发生,而是潜在风险。
  3. 不正确,原文第二段第二句强调适度的栖息地碎片化可能有益,而非熊猫无法适应。
  4. 正确,新研究直接表明熊猫因生活过于舒适而缺乏迁徙动力,可能导致灭绝。
  • 47
  • 单选题
  • 分值:14.2
问.

What can we conclude from the new research by scientists at Michigan State University?

Environmentalists’ long-time belief regarding panda conservation may be misleading.
Housing development near pandas’ homes may threaten their survival.
Pandas’ natural habitats are becoming less suitable for reproduction.
The increased panda population is attributed to the fragmentation of their habitat.

问:从密歇根州立大学科学家的新研究中,我们可以得出什么结论?

  1. 环保主义者长期以来关于熊猫保护的观点可能存在误导性。
  2. 在熊猫栖息地附近开展住房开发可能威胁它们的生存。
  3. 熊猫的自然栖息地变得越来越不适合繁殖。
  4. 熊猫种群数量的增加归因于其栖息地的碎片化。

定位:原文第二段和第三段聚焦于密歇根州立大学的研究,对比传统观点与新发现。

解析:

  1. 正确,新研究挑战环保主义者的传统观点,指出适度的栖息地碎片化可能对熊猫保护有益。
  2. 不正确,住房开发威胁生存是环保主义者的主张,并非新研究结论。
  3. 不正确,研究未提及栖息地变得不适合繁殖,而是强调舒适度影响熊猫迁徙行为。
  4. 不正确,原文未将种群数量增加归因于碎片化,仅讨论碎片化对遗传多样性的潜在影响。
  • 48
  • 单选题
  • 分值:14.2
问.

What is the experts’ conclusion regarding pandas?

It is urgent to provide an ideal habitat for them to thrive.
It is very important to preserve their genetic diversity.
Their chances of finding new mates have a lot to do with their habitat.
Their environment for survival has been continuously worsening.

问:专家针对熊猫得出的结论是什么?

  1. 通常为它们提供理想的栖息地以繁衍生息。
  2. 保护它们的遗传多样性至关重要。
  3. 它们寻找新配偶的机会与栖息地密切相关。
  4. 它们的生存环境在持续恶化。

定位:原文第三段详细阐述专家关于栖息地舒适度与熊猫迁徙行为的结论。

解析:

  1. 不正确,研究指出理想栖息地比例仅为80%,而非完全理想化环境。
  2. 不正确,保护遗传多样性是研究隐含的后果,但直接结论是栖息地影响寻找配偶的行为。
  3. 正确,专家明确表示栖息地舒适度决定熊猫是否迁徙寻找新配偶。
  4. 不正确,原文未提及生存环境持续恶化,仅讨论栖息地适度碎片化的作用。
  • 49
  • 单选题
  • 分值:14.2
问.

What can we infer from the passage about the Goldilocks principle?

It needs to be confirmed by more studies on pandas.
It applies to the preservation of pandas too.
It has implications for future panda research.
It can be used to locate the right spot for pandas.

问:从文中关于“金发姑娘原则”的描述可以推断出什么?

  1. 该原则需要更多关于熊猫的研究来证实。
  2. 它同样适用于熊猫的保护工作。
  3. 它对未来的熊猫研究具有启示意义。
  4. 它可用于为熊猫找到适宜的栖息地。

定位:原文第六段将新研究结论与“金发姑娘原则”联系起来,强调其适用性。

解析:

  1. 不正确,原文未提及该原则需要进一步验证,而是直接肯定其与熊猫保护的关联。
  2. 正确,新研究结论与该原则一致,表明“恰到好处”的理念适用于熊猫保护策略。
  3. 不正确,原文重点在于原则的现有适用性,而非未来研究的启示。
  4. 不正确,文中未讨论该原则用于寻找具体栖息地,而是强调保护中的平衡概念。
  • 50
  • 单选题
  • 分值:14.2
问.

What can the new findings do according to Professor Sillero?

Help discover new ways for the conservation of pandas.
Help remove pandas from the list of endangered species.
Shed light on the conservation of most large meat-eating animals.
Show the complexity of interactions between humans and animals.

问:根据两类罗教授的观点,这些新发现能起到什么作用?

  1. 帮助发现保护熊猫的新方法。
  2. 帮助将熊猫从濒危物种名单中移除。
  3. 为大多数大型肉食动物的保护提供启发。
  4. 显示人类与动物互动关系的复杂性。

定位:原文倒数第二、三段引用两类罗教授的评论,探讨新发现的更广泛意义。

解析:

  1. 不正确,教授未直接提及新方法,而是强调新发现对其他物种的潜在影响。
  2. 不正确,教授未讨论熊猫从名单中移除,仅关注遗传连通性与种群存续。
  3. 正确,教授明确表示新发现可能适用于其他大型肉食动物,增强其保护策略。
  4. 不正确,教授未强调互动关系的复杂性,而是聚焦于栖息地碎片化对动物行为的积极影响。

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